CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
The
industrial batch counter is an electronic and electrical device that
handles the counting and controls the flow of individuals using an automated
slide door that allows access only when the administrator permits. The
technique involved in the design is a simple sensor unit that opens and closes
the door when someone obstructs the light path. These parameters can be used to
determine when someone has moved in or out of the conference hall (for
instance). The light sensing type involves monitoring the unit with photon or
optical devices; this consists of the encoder (transmission path or the source
of energy) and the decoder (receiver unit that converts the light intensity to
electrical signal). An LED emitter, combined with a photo detector (Light
Dependent Resistor, photo transistor or infrared sensing diode) in proximity,
form a very useful object called opto-coupler or opto-isolator. When the opto
coupler is obstructed, the door opens and the display shows an increase or
decrease of individuals in the room (depending on the path followed). This project
report creates a greater picture of the industrial batch counter.
1.1
THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to demonstrate a smart
device that counts the number of people inside a conference hall; and prevents
people from entering once the room has reached its capacity.
1.2
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
The need for counting the number of persons inside the conference hall is
for statistical record, which will help the conference hall management take a
proper account of people; and as well, control the conference hall capacity
from being over populated.
1.3
THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project covers the
features of the capacity monitor, the hardware description, the use of
transistor-transistor logic and microcontroller, how the system works and its
applications.
1.4
THE PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
This project report is organized
into five chapters. The first chapter covers the introduction, aim scope and
justification of the project. The second chapter talks about the technology
behind the project, the description of the microcontroller, as well as the
working principle of the project. Chapter three covers the methodology of the
project. Chapter four discusses the designing and construction of the project,
as well as other components used in designing this project. Chapter four also talks
about the testing of the individual components and packaging of the project.
And lastly, chapter five summarizes and concludes the project.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The
industrial batch counter was designed
with respect to enhance transparency in the accounting of number of intakes in
a conference hall, and as well, reduce the risk of over populating it with
people that could lead to collapsing of the structure or death resulting from
overcrowding and poor ventilation. The major factor here is human safety and
health hazard that might arise due to overcrowding. Another is
accountability-with the introduction of this, the number of persons that enter
into the building for a specified activity can be taken count of electronically
so fraud can be reduced, since the device can automatically take count of the
intake.
The
concept behind the design is quite simple obeying so principle of light since.
A transducer will be used as the light source and the light converter as well
so that when someone obstructs the light path, an action will be taken by the
device which makes the system a smart and intelligent device. The use of
discrete transistor logic (or seven-segment display) helps the system to
display a reasonable count and the careful arrangement of the flip flop and
up-down count helps in incrementing and decrementing of the number of persons
in the stadium. This chapter throws more light on the technology used in
designing the project, the programming language used, as well as the working
principle.
2.1 TECHNOLOGY
The
technology behind the industrial batch counter is the microcontroller. It is the
bedrock of the system. The microcontroller-a different kind of
integrated circuit, is a complete computer on a chip, containing all of the
elements of the basic microprocessor along with other specialized functions.
Its functionality is based on the ability of the
designer to arrange his instruction or generate the code which will generate
the machine language, which is the content of the ROM (Read Only Memory) of the
microcontroller.
2.1.1 FEATURES OF THE MICROCONTROLLER
• Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
• 4K Bytes of In-System
Reprogrammable Flash Memory
· Endurance:
1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to
24 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
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